压力容器的科学分类是实现差异化安全监管的基础，对设备安全与行业经济效益具有重要意义。本文系统梳理了中国、欧盟、美国现行的压力容器分类方法，从设计制造、行政许可、使用管理等维度，总结不同地区对各类压力容器的管控要求，并通过多维度对比揭示三者的分类逻辑与管控体系差异。研究发现，目前我国第Ⅰ类与第Ⅱ类压力容器在设计制造检验、使用管理及行政许可等环节未设置差异化要求，导致该层级分类缺乏实际监管意义。针对此问题，本文从法规体系完善、技术标准细化等方面提出优化建议，为我国压力容器分类体系的改进与完善提供参考和思路。

The scientific classification of pressure vessels serves as the basis for differentiated safety supervision and holds great significance to the safety of equipment and the economic benefit of the industry. The current classification methods for pressure vessels in China, the European Union and the United States have been systematically sorted out from the dimensions of design and fabrication, administrative licensing, and use management. The control requirements for various types of pressure vessels in different regions have been summarized, and the classification logic and control system differences among the three have been revealed through multi-dimensional comparisons. It is found that, currently no differentiated requirements are set for the design, fabrication, inspection, use management and administrative licensing of the Ⅰ and Ⅱ category pressure vessels in China, which leads to the lack of practical regulatory significance of this hierarchical classification. To address this issue, optimization recommendations are proposed from dimensions including the refinement of the regulatory framework and the elaboration of technical standards, thereby offering references and insights for the advancement and perfection of China’s pressure vessel classification system.