2219铝合金比强度高,高温和低温力学性能好,但其表面硬度与耐蚀性不足,制约了其在特种设备领域的应用。本研究利用电子束重熔技术在其表面制备了AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金熔覆层,进而系统研究了熔覆束流、扫描速度和扫描频率对熔覆层微观组织的影响。并结合显微组织表征及电化学腐蚀实验,深入分析了微观组织结构演变对熔覆层力学性能及耐蚀性的影响机制。结果表明,焊接束流15 mA、扫描速度150 mm/min、扫描频率800 Hz为最佳熔覆参数。在该参数下,界面处Al元素向熔覆层的扩散作用增强,同时稀释效应缓解了界面的约束应力,有效抑制了单道熔覆层裂纹的产生。最终,所得熔覆层显微硬度稳定在400 HV左右,耐蚀性显著优于2219铝合金母材（BM）及其他参数组合下的熔覆层。
Abstract
2219 aluminum alloy exhibits high specific strength and excellent mechanical properties at both high and low temperatures, but its insufficient surface hardness and corrosion resistance limit its application in special equipment fields. This study fabricated an AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) electron beam cladding layer on the surface of 2219 aluminum alloy. The effects of welding beam current, scanning speed, and scanning frequency on the microstructure of the cladding layer were systematically investigated. Combined with microstructure characterization and electrochemical corrosion tests, an in-depth analysis was conducted on the mechanism underlying the influence of microstructural evolution on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the cladding layer. The results demonstrate that the optimal cladding parameters are a cladding beam current of 15 mA, a scanning speed of 150 mm/min, and a scanning frequency of 800 Hz. Under these parameters, the diffusion of Al elements from the substrate to the cladding layer is enhanced, while the dilution effect alleviates the constraint stress at the interface, thereby effectively suppressing the formation of cracks in the single-pass cladding layer. Ultimately, the microhardness of the resulting cladding layer stabilizes at approximately 400 HV, and its corrosion resistance is significantly superior to that of the 2219 aluminum alloy base metal (BM) and cladding layers prepared under other parameter combinations.
关键词
电子束熔覆 /
AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金 /
2219铝合金 /
耐蚀性 /
性能调控
Key words
Electron beam cladding /
AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy /
2219 aluminum alloy /
Corrosion resistance /
Performance modification
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52375391; 52505436）
