超高压气井井口阀门失效机制与防护技术研究进展

张来斌; 武胜男; 廖浩文; 张绪亮

doi:10.27022/j.issn2097-7697.2026.01.002

特种设备学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 1 ›› Issue (1) : 9-21. DOI: 10.27022/j.issn2097-7697.2026.01.002

先进制造

超高压气井井口阀门失效机制与防护技术研究进展

张来斌^1,2,3, 武胜男^1,2,3, 廖浩文^1,2,3, 张绪亮^1,2,3,4

作者信息 +

Research Progress on Failure Mechanisms and Protection Technologies for Wellhead Valves in Ultra-High-Pressure Gas Wells

ZHANG Laibin^1,2,3, WU Shengnan^1,2,3, LIAO Haowen^1,2,3, ZHANG Xuliang^1,2,3,4

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

深层—超深层、“三高”（高温、高压、高含硫）及含砂等复杂气井的加速开发,使采气井口阀门长期处于大压差节流、强冲蚀及多介质耦合腐蚀的极端服役环境,其运行可靠性已成为制约气田安全稳产与高效开发的关键因素。围绕超高压采气井典型工况,系统归纳了井口阀门在服役过程中的主要失效模式与损伤演化特征,重点阐明了流道冲蚀、空化侵蚀、腐蚀疲劳及其多因素耦合作用机理。在此基础上,综述了近年来超高压采气井口阀门在结构优化设计、抗冲蚀与耐腐蚀材料及表面强化技术,以及在线状态监测与检测方法等方面的研究进展。结合深层气藏安全高效开发对装备可靠性的迫切需求,指出井口阀门技术未来的发展方向主要体现在：面向极端工况的长寿命设计与材料性能突破;由单一阀门性能提升向井口阀门—管汇等装备系统的协同化、模块化与集成化设计转变;以及依托大数据与数字孪生技术,构建阀门运行状态感知、损伤演化与寿命预测模型,推动运维模式由被动维修向预测性、智能化维护转型。研究可为深层气井井口装备国产化与高端化发展,以及气田本质安全与高效开发提供技术支撑。

Abstract

The accelerated development of deep and ultra-deep gas reservoirs characterized by high temperature, high pressure, high sulfur content, and sand production has exposed gas production wellhead valves to extreme service conditions, including large pressure-drop throttling, severe erosion, and multi-medium coupled corrosion. Under such environments, valve operational reliability has become a critical factor constraining safe, stable, and efficient gas field production. Focusing on typical operating conditions of ultra-high-pressure gas wells, this paper systematically summarizes the dominant failure modes and damage evolution characteristics of wellhead valves, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms of flow-path erosion, cavitation erosion, corrosion fatigue, and their coupled interactions. On this basis, recent research progress in structural optimization design, erosion- and corrosion-resistant materials and surface enhancement technologies, as well as online condition monitoring and inspection methods for ultra-high-pressure wellhead valves is comprehensively reviewed. In light of the increasing demand for equipment reliability in deep gas reservoir development, future technological trends are identified as follows: (i) long-life-oriented design targeting extreme service conditions, with breakthroughs in high-performance materials and surface strengthening technologies; (ii) a transition from performance improvement of individual valves to coordinated, modular, and integrated design of valve-manifold systems; and (iii) the development of intelligent operation and maintenance frameworks based on big data and digital twin technologies to enable state perception, damage evolution analysis, and life prediction, thereby shifting maintenance strategies from reactive to predictive and intelligent modes. The findings provide technical support for the localization and high-end development of wellhead equipment, as well as for ensuring intrinsic safety and high-efficiency exploitation of deep gas fields.

导出引用

张来斌, 武胜男, 廖浩文, 张绪亮. 超高压气井井口阀门失效机制与防护技术研究进展[J]. 特种设备学报, 2026, 1(1): 9-21. https://doi.org/10.27022/j.issn2097-7697.2026.01.002

ZHANG Laibin, WU Shengnan, LIAO Haowen, ZHANG Xuliang. Research Progress on Failure Mechanisms and Protection Technologies for Wellhead Valves in Ultra-High-Pressure Gas Wells[J].Journal of Special Equipment, 2026, 1(1): 9-21. https://doi.org/10.27022/j.issn2097-7697.2026.01.002

中图分类号： X933.4

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